Romeo And Juliet Friendship Essay Essay

A companionship incorporates trust, trustworthiness, duty, mindful, trustworthy, loyality, clever, love and correspondence. I will investigate the kinship among Romeo and Mercutio, and among Romeo and Benvolios. I will contrast Rome and Benvolio’s fellowship with Romeo and Mercutio’s companionship and conclude which is better. Romeo and Mercutio’s kinship is loaded up with humor and is trivial with care, however care isn’t demonstrated enthusiastic. Romeo and Benvolio’s companionship is filled more with feeling and care is indicated more passionate than through silliness. Shakespeare presents Romeo and Mercutio’s kinship as pointless and cheerful yet mindful. Shakespeare shows this through the exchange when Mercutio says, â€Å"Nay delicate, Romeo, we should have you dance.† Mercutio is attempting to perk Romeo up to have some good times and disregard Rosaline. Shakespeare utilizes the basic â€Å"must† to propose to the crowd that there is control in the fellowship as Mercutio needs Romeo back to himself in light of the fact that Mercutio thinks Romeo has lost his direction and should be taken back to himself. The modifier â€Å"gentle† is utilized by Shakespeare to pass on how affectionate Mercutio is of Romeo, yet is said by Mercutio through diversion indicating the crowd how happy and negligible Mercutio is. The paltry and good cheer is uneven in the friendsip teeling the crowd that Romeo and Mercutio isn’t the equivalent. The descriptor â€Å"gentle† is likewise used to show the crowd how delicate and effortlessly hurt Romeo is which gives the crowd an understanding into Romeo’s character. Shakespeare at that point utilize the aggregate pronoun â€Å"we† to show the crowd that Mercutio sees Romeo’s issues as his own demonstrating the crowd how caring Mercutio is of Romeo. This causes the crowd to feel that there is backing and care in their fellowship. This alsomakes the crowd feel frustrated about Romeo being so centered around adoration in light of the fact that he’s heart consistently gets broken and Mercutio’s backing and care may brighten up the crowd up. Romeo and Mercutio’s kinship is introduced by Shakespeare as a mindful companionship. This is appeared to the crowd when Mercutio says,† Prick love for pricking , And you beat love down.† Mercutio is offering Romeo guidance ,which is to retaliate at affection for giving him despair ,which shows theâ audience the consideration in their companionship and that Mercutio needs to see Romeo cheerful, once more, demonstrating the crowd he wants to think about it. Shakespeare utilizes reiteration of the word â€Å"love† to strengthen that Mercutio’s perspective on adoration is distinctive to Romeo’s demonstrating the distinctions in their companionship and that they aren’t equivalent to they have various characters. Shakespeare utilizes the analogy, â€Å"Prick love for pricking, And you beat love down.† This representation is utilized by Shakespeare to suggest that, once more, he is offering him guidance to proceed onward which shows much more consideration in their kinship. Shakespeare utilizes anticipating, which is that adoration is brutal, to tell the crowd that Romeo will get over his anguish as he proceeds onward to cherish Juliet. The crowd may feel that Mercutio truly thinks about Romeo and needs him to be upbeat, despite the fact that they have various perspectives on affection, yet they may feel it’s not the best kinship as Mercutio doesn’t offer Romeo the affectability he needs. Shakespeare presents Romeo and Mercutio’s companionship as mindful in and clever and wry way. This is appeared to the crowd by Shakespeare when Mercutio says,† you are a darling acquire cupid’s wings and take off with them above basic bound.† Mercutio is attempting to perk Romeo up in a mocking manner to attempt to make him chuckle and show Mercutio needs him to have a good time, which shows the crowd that he wants to think about it. Shakespeare utilizes the metaphor,† get cupi’s wings and take off with them above normal bound.† The similitude is exhortation to infer to the crowd that Romeo is cupid in the circumstance as he experiences passionate feelings effectively and he should be liberated from affection and fly away from it to have returned to himself. The similitude likewise is giving the crowd a knowledge into his character, which is that he experiences passionate feelings all the time revealing to us he is a sentimental. Mercutio is being not kidding however attempting to cause it to appear to be a joke to perk Romeo up telling the crowd that he thinks about Romeo by being snide in a clever and clever manner, yet intending no mischief. Romeo and Mercutio’s fellowship is introduced by Shakespeare as a dependable companionship. This is appeared by Shakespear through the exchange when Romeo says,†and fire-peered toward rage be my direct now!† This tells the crowd that Romeo is faithful to Mercutio is faithful to Romeo. Shakespeare utilizes similar sounding word usage â€Å"fire-peered toward fury† which used to fortify how disappointed Romeo is and â€Å"fire-looked at fury† is utilized as an illustration by Shakespeare to strengthen how angry Romeo is. Puncuation is likewise used to show Romeo’s outrage to the crowd, â€Å"!†. The word â€Å"conduct† is utilized by Shakspeare to foretell the effect of Tybalt’s demise, where Romeo murdered Tybalt in light of the fact that Tybalt executed Mercutio when Mercutio was securing Romeo, which shows the crowd the loyality in Romeo and Mercutio’s fellowship. This may cause the crowd to feel that Shakespeare is foretelling that adoration wont be as simple and in light of the fact that Romeo is furious it might clue to the crowd that it is something to do with his activities. Shakespeare presents Romeo and Benvolio’s fellowship as a mindful and solid companionship. This is appeared through the exchange by Shakespeare when Benvolio says,† I’ll pay that precept or, in all beyond words debt.† Benvolio is the more enthusiastic companion who you would depend on as he thinks about Romeo’s touchy side and his feelings. The utilization of the action word â€Å"die† is utilized by Shakespeare to tell the crowd the amount Benvolio minds and would do anything for Romeo as he adores unequivocally, as they are cousins. In spite of the fact that Mercutio dieed for Romeo which tells the crowd he similarly minds however has an alternate method of indicating his consideration for Romeo. Hyberbole is utilized by Shakespeare to show the crowd that Benvolio, once more, truly thinks about Romeo and would do anything for him indicating how solid Benvolio is demonstrating he is the more dependable companion than Mercutio. This may cause the crowd to feel that both Benvolio and Mercutio care, however Benvolio has a superior method of indicating it as he offers Romeo more help. I feel that the two kinships are acceptable fellowships to have, nut Romeo and Benvolio’s companionship was best since he was a progressively enthusiastic companion and he thought about Romeo’s feelings. Benvolio likewise shows the crowd that he cares very much for Romeo in a superior manner than Mercutio does and is more solid than Mercutio. I think the crowd feels that Mercutio doesn’t pay attention to Romeo’s emotions here and there despite the fact that he cares very much however isn’t a companion you would depend on. The crowd think Romeo and Mercutio’s is better on the grounds that Benvolio is excessively genuine and isn’t as comical as Mercutio, however Benvolio is extremely simply being full grown and is doing what’s best for Romeo.

MacBeth Essays (448 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

MacBeth Macbeth Recorded MacBeth contrasted with Shakespeare's MacBeth Albeit the greater part of Shakespeare's play MacBeth isn't verifiably precise, MacBeth's life is the subject of the catastrophe. There are characters also, occasions that depend on obvious occasions and genuine people at the same time, Shakespeare's MacBeth varies altogether from history's MacBeth. The principal case of a distinction between the Shakespeare MacBeth and chronicled MacBeth is the passing of Duncan I. In Shakespeare's MacBeth , Duncan I was killed by MacBeth. A prescience said to MacBeth by one of the three witches All hail, MacBeth, that shalt be King hereafter1 . was what incited Gruoch, MacBeth's better half to plot the murder of Duncan I as he dozed in their stronghold. Ever, MacBeth set up himself as the King of Scots in the wake of executing his cousin Duncan I, fighting close Elgin not as in Shakespeare's play by executing him in his rest. Duncan I was slaughtered on August 14, 1040. MacBeth at that point ruled as lord for a long time. As recently expressed Duncan I and MacBeth were cousins, a reality not brought out in the play. Shakespeare approximately based the play, MacBeth on occasions he found in Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, are the materials that outfitted Shakespeare with his plot2. The narratives were a record of the historical backdrop of the nation of which they originated from. Another significant contrast, is that Duncan I was not the maturing and regarded ruler Shakespeare makes him out to be, all things considered, Fiona Summerset Fry creator of History of Scotland says He was really a rash and spoilt youngster whose six long stretches of sovereignty brought brilliance neither to Scotland nor to his family3. In the play's last scene, McDuff executes MacBeth and naturally becomes the new King of Scots. In genuine history MacBeth is slaughtered by Malcom III in any case, Lulach, MacBeth's stepson, turns into the ruler after the aristocrats of Moray battle for his progression. Lulach ruled for seven months and was at that point ousted by Malcom III of Caenmore. MacBeth is introduced in the play as awkward and disorderly. In all actuality however, he was probably the best lord that Scotland at any point had. During his rule, he went on a journey to Rome for a few months4. His realm was in all around ok request and he was in sufficiently high respect with his aristocrat that he could leave for a significant stretch of time. Another way you could tell that MacBeth was a decent ruler in light of the fact that, He sorted out soldiers of men to watch the more out of control open country also, uphold some kind of law and order5. As far as history specialists know, this was the primary sort of peace in Scotland previously 1100. Shakespeare had money related and political inspiration to change a portion of the recorded realities. With the end goal for him to get installment for his composing it was vital for him to intrigue King James I. Shakespeare additionally changed the name of his acting organization to the Kings men, since he needed to build up himself as a superior author. He could do this by having the King's impact.

6 Ways to Automate your WordPress Website and Workflow

6 Ways to Automate your WordPress Website and Workflow Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!6 Ways to Automate your WordPress Website and WorkflowUpdated On 17/03/2020Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : WordPressShort URL : https://hbb.me/2OjAC5L CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogLeading content management systems like WordPress have made managing websites much easier, but there are still things you still have to do manually out of the box, such as publishing content, performing backups and security/malware scans, database backups, and more.Fortunately, some of WordPress’ inbuilt features and additional plugins can further automate your daily website tasks and workflow. And  according to Website Advisor,  Wordpress is one of the best free website builders. Let’s take a closer look!1. Scheduling PostsIf you’re blogging or producing a content website, then you need to spend time publishing your posts. But, what if you have a backlog of content that you want to p ublish at regular intervals or you have found an opportune time of day to push out your content?Then, you need to start scheduling your posts in advance. Fortunately, WordPress has this feature inbuilt. All you have to do is change the publish date and time in the box on the right of every post editing page.You can also find plugins with more advanced scheduling features of the basic feature isn’t enough for you.2. Automatic UpdatesWordPress will notify you in the Admin panel when there is a new version of the platform to update and there is also an option to do this automatically. For the vast majority of people, this is a perfect solution and you shouldn’t have to worry about okaying updates or doing them manually ever again.However, you may want to tread a bit more carefully when using the automatic theme and plug-in updates, as these can sometimes wipe your content or modifications. For example, if you’ve added a bunch of code to your theme files and you aren’t using ‘ child themes,’ you could end up having to do it all again if the theme is automatically updated.3. Backing up Your SiteNo matter what type of site you run on whatever platform, it is important to perform backups in case there’s a security breach or something else goes wrong. You want a clean copy that you can re-upload.You can various backups from within WordPress manually and you can also do this server/web host side if you have access.READHOW TO: Update WordPress Secret KeysThere are also plug-ins, such as BackupBuddy and UpdraftPlus that can perform backups automatically.4. Image OptimizationIf you upload a lot of images in your content, you probably have an optimal height (or at least width). You also probably don’t want to waste a lot of bandwidth with large image file sizes.One option to tackle these problems is to use an automated image optimization plugin like WP Smush or EWWW Image Optimizer.WordPress itself has come a long way and allows you to use different sizes by default and even add ‘alt’ and ‘title’ tags to all of your images for SEO purposes.If you’re particularly concerned about bandwidth and site-load speed, you might consider a full-blown caching system like WP Super Cache or W3 Total Cache.5. Social Media SharingBeing able to automatically share your new WordPress posts across social media platforms is a huge time saver and can be accomplished in a number of waysâ€"the easiest with exiting WordPress plugins.AccessPress Social AutoPost is one of the most comprehensive options, but it does require you to pay a one-off fee. It lets you link all of your major social media accounts and define which content you’d like to auto-share based on your chosen parameters (i.e. only sharing from one specific category etc).You can also schedule exactly the times you wish posts to be shared.Tip: Some premium plug-ins can be expensive, so you might want to consider taking out an instant approval loan if you don’t have the funds upfront.6 . Comment ModerationWordPress now does a good job of filtering out spam comments automatically, but for more options, we recommend installing a third-party commenting system like Disqus, which has advanced blacklisting settings.Disqus also integrates social media engagement and is less of a hassle for users, who can log-in to Disqus across multiple sites rather than having an account on your website specifically.Do you run a WordPress Website and have further automated your daily tasks? Let us know how in the comments below!

The United States And Japan s Involvement - 1687 Words

â€Å"We were about to form lines facing the front, we saw a B-29 approaching and about fly over us...That was the moment when the blast came. And then the tremendous noise came and we were left in the dark...† This is how 14 year old Akihiro Takahashi begins his account of the bombing on Hiroshima. Standing just 1.4km away from the epicenter, Akihiro couldn’t do anything but watch as the United States dropped the world’s first atomic bomb on his hometown. Three days later, while terror was still raging in Hiroshima, the US dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. While it may seem inhumane for the US to have used such powerful weapons on Japan, the US had many reasons to use such drastic measures. The United States and Japan s involvement in WW2 led to the eventual use of atomic weapons causing a series of devastating effects that changed Japan and the world forever. In the early 1940s, Hitler and the Nazis were trying to take over the world as they waged war across Europe. While Hitler had the world’s attention, a series of events was unfolding to set the scene for some of the biggest events in History. Japan had declared war on China in an attempt to increase its territory and it’s trade market. Although the US had stayed neutral for about 2 years, in a response to Japan’s aggressions, the US implemented a series of economic sanctions and trade embargoes to counter Japan’s advances. The reasoning behind this was that without money, goods, and other essential supplies,Show MoreRelatedTo What Extent Was the U.S.s Involvement in the War between Japan and China which Caused Japan to Attack Pearl Harbor1370 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent was the U.S’s involvement in the war between Japan and China which caused Japan to attack Pearl Harbor? A: Plan of Investigation The purpose of this investigation is to analyze the extent to which the USs economic sanction and trade embargo on Japan was responsible for the cause of Pearl Harbor which occurred in December 7, 1941. The analysis will inspect U.Ss role in the cause of Pearl Harbor as well as look at other reasons that contributed a role to the causeRead MoreJapan And The United States1026 Words   |  5 PagesJapanese fleets on the U.S. city of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This takes place with two rivaling countries, Japan the United States. This paper will give detail on this tragic event, and how it will end. Cause of Pearl Harbor Japan, after winning against the weak fleets of Russia, the felt powerful over the years. Having dominance over some countries. But what was her deal with the U.S.? To start, Japan increased the need of natural resources including Oil, Minerals, Steel. This also came with theirRead More Western Influence on Japan Essay1073 Words   |  5 PagesWestern Influence on Japan Japan, as a nation, is a continually changing society. Ever since western nations became involved with Japan, its changes over recent times have increased at a substantial rate. Japan now faces cultural, economical and social differences as a result of the western involvement. The involvement was initiated by the Japanese themselves, beginning during the Meiji Period1 through current times. As time increases, Japan is slowly becoming more westernizedRead MoreThe United States After World War I894 Words   |  4 PagesAfter World War I, the United States made it pretty clear that the country and its people did not want any involvement with any international affairs, such as international wars. The decision was made on August 27th, 1928; the pact was a pledge to shun war as an instrument of policy. 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As a result, our fear of communism and of Asia increased dramatically. Australia, occupying a large mass of land, yet having a small population had always lived in the belief that they were threatened Read MoreForeign Relations Between The Middle Eastern Sunni And Eastern Asia1558 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion of The United States involvement in foreign affairs. Should they be more aggressive? Or should the US being holding back in its foreign conflict involvement and focus on its own problems? If so, where should the US be the most aggressive, and where should it take the largest step back? For two large regions of the world, the Middle Eastern Sunni, including the Oil rich Gulf States, and Eastern Asia, holding some of the greatest economic powers of the world, China and Japan, the US needs

Evidence of Dissociative Identity Disorder in Fight Club

In the movie Fight Club we are introduced to an average, white-collared, middle aged man who is seemingly normal at first glance. However, it is clear that the narrator suffers from insomnia, anxiety, and depression very early in the film. The narrator attempts to combat these symptoms in a number of ways, however, the only way that he has found to be effective is by attending support groups on a nightly basis. The narrator soon creates an alter ego (though we do not know he is his alter ego until the end of the film) named Tyler Durden. Durden is more attractive, has a better physique, and is overall more confident than the narrator and Durden regularly takes control of the narrator without the narrator’s knowledge to carry out†¦show more content†¦What is more, the narrator flagrantly engages in impulsive, irresponsible, risk-taking behaviors that place him and the general public in danger. According to Sadock Sadock(2007) dissociative identity disorder commonly presents with many of the same symptoms that plague the narrator in stating, â€Å"affect modulation is frequently disturbed, giving rise to mood swings, depression, suicidal tendency, and generalized irritability. Impulse control is often impaired, leading to risk-taking, substance abuse, and inappropriate or self-destructive behaviors. High levels of anxiety and panic are common†(p. 672). Based on all of the narrator’s symptoms it is clear that the narrator fits the diagnostic criteria for dissociative identity disorder not otherwise specified. The diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder requires the individual to have two separate personalities or identities that take control of the individual. In this specific case, the narrator only suffers from one separate identity taking control and therefore he does not meet the criteria for dissociative identity disorder. The DSM-IV-TR supports diagnosing the narrator withShow MoreRelatedAbnormal Psychology - Film Review - Mental Disorders in Fight Club1563 Words   |  7 Pagesa nihilist soap salesman who is disgruntled with common culture. Eventually in the movie Tyler takes the fight club and turns it into Project Mayhem, which organizes increasingly serious anti-capitalism vandalism ventures. During one of these missions, a fight club member dies, and Jack tries to shut down the operation in Tyler’s absence. He retraces Tyler’s steps and learns that fight clubs have been started in every major city. It is in one of these cities that someone calls him Tyler. Jack callsRead MoreEssay on A Psychoanalysis of Jack in Fight Club1942 Words   |  8 Pagesvacant house in the middle of no where and that is where the relationship between Jack and Tyler formulate. Initially, Jack is unaware that Tyler is not real. This is shown by the fact that he refers to himself as us, engages in conversions, fist fights with Tyler and at one point even sharing a beer with Tyler. SITUATIONS STRESSORS: Jack feels unsatisfied with his life. He feels abandoned by friends and most importantly his family. His father deserted the family when he was a little boy

The Effects Of Trauma On Children And Adolescents

Introduction Trauma has caused hospitalized pediatric patients to become uneasy and anxious with no additional support. Thus, Child Life Services (CLS) is being proposed to Highland Hospital, as it does not currently offer any therapeutic consultations to pediatric patients and families to help ease traumatic feelings. CLS essentially provide a variety of different therapeutic programs to distract hospitalized children from pain, stress and being traumatized after medical procedures. Problem Statement In the United States, more than 3 million children and adolescents experience some type of traumatic events (Schwarz E.D., Perry B.D., 1994). Such events may involve violence in home, school or street, death or hospital stays and medical†¦show more content†¦The implementation of CLS in Highland hospital will solely base on a philosophy to ensure that all pediatric patients and their families receive the best care and support, regardless of how long the duration of stay is. Some of the programs provided would include pre- and post-procedure preparation consultations with the usages of developmentally appropriate medical play and activities to display a better understanding of and how to cope with medical procedures, and to overall reduce traumatic feelings. CLS currently provides certain hours of age appropriate playroom for all hospitalized children and siblings with no requirement of adult family members. The playroom allows supportive play and social interaction with diff erent activities and entertainments to ease stress. However, this proposed CLS would instead include a 24-hour playroom/daycare for siblings of the patient. With this, siblings will be taken care of during the duration the family is in the hospital and when parents are with the patient in medical procedures or clinical visits. In addition, a big brother/big sister program would be implemented as part of CLS at Highland Hospital. 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(Faust et al., 2004)Very young children struggle with cognitive components of cognitive-behavioral intervention strategies because it exceeds their developmental capabilities (Faust Katchen, 2004). (Faust et al., 2004)As previously noted, a child is at a greater risk for the effects of severe sexual abuse in the first years of life (Faust Katchen, 2004). (Faust et al., 2004) One theory that alleviates symptoms of PTSD is Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT).Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1602 Words   |  7 Pagesdeath, serious injury or sexual violence â€Å"(American Psychiatric Association, 2013, pg. 271). Only recently have children and youth been deemed to have experienced PTSD and usually undergo therapy, medication and various treatment options to minimize the impact PTSD has on one’s life. Throughout this paper, I will be discussing the development of the disorder, how PTSD symptoms differ in children, treatment options, and a clinical case example. 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Booker T. Washington Versus W. E. B. du Boise Essay Example For Students

Booker T. Washington Versus W. E. B. du Boise Essay Booker T. Washington believed that blacks should not push to attain equal civil and political rights with whites. That it was best to concentrate on improving their economic skills and the quality of their character. The burden of improvement resting squarely on the shoulders of the black man. Eventually they would earn the respect and love of the white man, and civil and political rights would be accrued as a matter of course. This was a very non-threatening and popular idea with a lot of whites. For two decades Washington established a dominant tone of gradualism and accommodationism among blacks, only to find in the latter half of this period that the leadership was passing to more militant leaders such as W. E. B. DuBois During the four decades following reconstruction, the position of the Negro in America steadily deteriorated. The hopes and aspirations of the freedmen for full citizenship rights were shattered after the federal government betrayed the Negro and restored white supremacist control to the South. Blacks were left at the mercy of ex-slaveholders and former Confederates, as the United States government adopted a laissez-faire policy regarding the Negro problem in the South. The era of Jim Crow brought to the American Negro disfranchisement, social, educational, and occupational discrimination, mass mob violence, murder, and lynching. Under a sort of peonage, black people were deprived of their civil and human rights and reduced to a status of quasi-slavery or second-class citizenship. Strict legal segregation of public facilities in the southern states was strengthened in 1896 by the Supreme Courts decision in the Plessy vs. Ferguson case. Racists, northern and southern, proclaimed that the Negro was subhuman, barbaric, immoral, and innately inferior, physically and intellectually, to whitestotally incapable of functioning as an equal in white civilization. Between the Compromise of 1877 and the Compromise of 1895, the problem facing Negro leadership was clear: how to obtain first-class citizenship for the Negro American. How to reach this goal caused considerable debate among Negro leaders. Some advocated physical violence to force concessions from the whites. A few urged Negroes to return to Africa. The majority, however, suggested that Negroes use peaceful, democratic means to change undesirable conditions. Some black leaders encouraged Negroes to become skilled workers, hoping that if they became indispensable to the prosperity of the South, political and social rights would be granted to them. Others advocated struggle for civil rights, specifically the right to vote, on the theory that economic and social rights would follow. Most agreed that solutions would come gradually. Negro leadership near the turn of the century was divided between these two tactics for racial equality, which may be termed the economic strategy and the political strategy. The most heated controversy in Negro leadership at this time raged between two remarkable black menBooker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois. The major spokesman for the gradualist economic strategy was Washington. DuBois was the primary advocate of the gradualist political strategy. Washington learned the doctrine of economic advancement combined with acceptance of disfranchisement and conciliation with the white South from Armstrong. His rise to national prominence came in 1895 with a brief speech, which outlined his social philosophy and racial strategy. Washington was invited to speak before an integrated audience at the opening of the Cotton States and International Exposition held in Atlanta in September 1895. He was the first Negro ever to address such a large group of southern whites Washington is remembered chiefly for this Atlanta Compromise address. In this speech, he called on white America to provide jobs and industrial-agricultural education for Negroes. Women in Prehistory: Gender in Mycenaean EssayIn an essay entitled, Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others, DuBois said that Washingtons accommodationist program asked blacks to give up political power, insistence on civil rights, and higher education for Negro youth. He believed that Washingtons policies had directly or indirectly resulted in three trends: the disfranchisement of the Negro, the legal creation of a distinct status of civil inferiority for the Negro, and steady withdrawal of aid from institutions for the higher training of the Negro. DuBois charged that Washingtons program tacitly accepted the alleged inferiority of the Negro. Expressing the sentiment of the radical civil rights advocates, DuBois demanded for all black citizens 1) the right to vote, 2) civic equality, and 3) the education of Negro youth according to ability. Generally, DuBois opposed Washingtons program because it was narrow in its scope and objectives, devalued the study of the liberal arts, and ignored civil, political, and social injustices and the economic exploitation of the black masses. DuBois firmly believed that persistent agitation, political action, and academic education would be the means to achieve full citizenship rights for black Americans. He stressed the necessity for liberal arts training because he believed that black leadership should come from college-trained backgrounds. DuBois philosophy of the Talented Tenth was that a college-educated elite would chart, through their knowledge, the way for economic and cultural elevation for the black masses. The NAACP was a coalition of black and white radicals which sought to remove legal barriers to full citizenship for Negroes. DuBois was one of the founding members of the organization. Both Washington and DuBois wanted the same thing for blacksfirst-class citizenshipbut their methods for obtaining it differed. Because of the interest in immediate goals contained in Washingtons economic approach, whites did not realize that he anticipated the complete acceptance and integration of Negroes into American life. He believed blacks, starting with so little, would have to begin at the bottom and work up gradually to achieve positions of power and responsibility before they could demand equal citizenshipeven if it meant temporarily assuming a position of inferiority. DuBois understood Washingtons program, but believed that it was not the solution to the race problem. Blacks should study the liberal arts, and have the same rights as white citizens. Blacks, DuBois believed, should not have to sacrifice their constitutional rights in order to achieve a status that was already guaranteed.

Same Sex Marriage an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Same Sex Marriage Should same sex marriage be legally recognized? Marriage is one of the most important socio-cultural institutions that for centuries have served the humanity for its inpidual and collective good. Although sexual co-habitation exists since primitive times but marriage was exclusively a heterosexual phenomenon. However, since the last half of the 20th century certain segments of the society defied the views of the conformist prepositions about the nature and purpose of marriage and challenged the tenet that marriage is and should be entirely heterosexual. This phenomenon developed in the last years of 1950s and surged in the early years of 1960s. Need essay sample on "Same Sex Marriage" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Marriage is not only a summation of two spouses but it is an all-encompassing phenomenon that includes social, cultural, moral and legal aspects. Marriage is developed as a social patronaged and culturally patterned institution that is much more than an intimate personal relationship as it has assimilated and incorporated itself with other social institutes, so marriage should not viewed as a relationship for personal intimation only as adherents of the same-sex marriage articulate and thus should not be legalized. University Students Often Tell EssayLab support: I'm not in the mood to write my essay. Because I want to spend time with my boyfriend Professional writers advise: Don't Waste Your Time Paper Writing Service College Papers Online How to Prepare an Assignment Essay Writing Help Company The adherents of the same-sex marriage disseminated the notions that marriage has nothing to do with heterosexuality and it is exclusively superfluous religious and legal fiction. They further propagated that different other dimension of the marriages i.e. same-sex marriage, should not be sacrificed at the altar of conventional religious morality. Generally, this change in the thought process of society compelled these segments of the society to indulge in same sex marriages. (Cantor, 2006) The case for heterosexual marriage is based on the religious, social and historical fact. (Dent, 1999; Frank, 2006; Finnis, 1997; Reid, 2005;Vetri, 1998) Marriage is a social and religious bond between a man and woman. Biblical references can be provided that marriage as an institution is an association of one man and one woman. Furthermore Christianity is against gay and lesbian relationship and considers it immoral and unethical. In some cases has ordered to outcast the convicts of such crimes. In Christianity, marriage is considered a holy and sacred obligation since the Wedding at Cana (John 2:1-11). So it was considered a vital activity since the time of Jesus as a legitimate and sacred sexual relationship between man and woman. Several legal court decisions and constitutional codes also include the same definition of marriage. Prof Eskridge (1993) provides a crux of the arguments of the opponents of the same-sex marriages by saying; Marriage, they say, must involve a man and a women because (1) this is the definitional essence of the marriage (2) the Judeo-Christian tradition requires it and/or (3) the modern Western nation-state has structured society around the assumption that only different-sex marital unions are allowed. Historically, homosexual indulgence and practices were common in primitive societies but no verified or verifiable clue is available that same-sex marriage was recognized and sanctioned as marriage socially and stately in various parts of the world. Prof Eskridge is his well researched work A history of Same-sex marriage provides various historical facts about homosexuality but not about legal sanctity of same-sex marriage. For example, he provides example from certain archaeological remains like tomb of two male courtiers of the fifth dynasty (circa 2600 B.C.) includes bas-beliefs of the two men in intimate poses. He further quotes the views of social historian David Greenberg to affirm his point of view about same-sex relationship that same-sex relationship was accepted by the state, because Pharaoh provided their tomb. (21) So it is quite clear that historically, same-sex marriage were never sanctioned by any primitive law. This historical fact is important to assume that millennia of human experience never sanctioned homosexuality as a legal marriage and there were various reasons behind that i.e. collective good of human society, fear of extinction of human species etc. He again cites David Greenberg to explaore the state recognition of same-sex relationship in the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia where Mesopotamian monarch, notably King Zimri-Lim of Mari and King Hammurabi of Babylon, had male lovers akin to wives. (22) He further suggests hat although earlier laws of Mesopotamia regulates the action of sexual indulgence and marriages but it has no connotations toward approval of same-sex relationship. Reproduction is the essential human phenomenon that is primarily concerned with future and retainment of human specie. This primarily refers to the importance of hetero-sexual marriage as social fact. As the world is tending to move toward inpidualistic societies and its concerns, it is fundamentally imperative that wider social concerns must be taken into account. So the primary purpose of marriage is not an intimate relationship sanctioned by the society and state alike but it is the development and retainment of human generation. Hetero-sexual marriage is compatible with this social objective but same is not true with the same-sex marriage. Scott Bidstrup, a distinguished supporter of same sex marriage, does not take into consideration this important objective of marriage and only relies on the personal intimacy theorem. He says that Sex, in a committed gay relationship, is merely a means of expressing that love, just the same as it is for heterosexuals. Being gay is much more profound than simply a sexual relationship; being gay is part of that person's core identity, and goes right the very center of his being. (Gay Marriage: The Arguments and the Motives) But marriage is much more than an expression of love and affection for the partner or spouse. Hetero-sexual marriage capacitates men to achieve their moral and personal discipline that is a pre-requisite to achieve success in life on one hand whereas it also enabled them to live a stable and balanced domestic life. On the other hand it facilitates the married women gain a protected and stable social status, acknowledgment of protection and economic provision of their children. Somerville refutes the same-sex marriage in a higher cultural level as she derives that Marriage is primarily a cultural phenomenon and one of its absolute function is to transmit human life to the next generation and nurture and protect that life. (3) She is of the opinion that same-sex marriage could not perform that function due to the fact that it involves a relationship rather than a social function. A research study Why Marriages Matters: Twenty-One Conclusion from the Social Sciences by twelve scholars have tried to summarize the positive effects of marriage through analyzing research literature and found that Marriage is an important social good associated with an impressively broad array of positive outcomes for children and adults alike [W]hether American society succeeds or fails in building a healthy marriage culture is clearly a matter of legitimate public concern. [Doherty, William J. et al., 2002] So marriage is a social phenomenon here that has social connotations and it is not a personal relationship between two inpiduals. Adherents of the same-sex marriage further refer to the civil rights guaranteed by the constitution and put their case in the historical context that once interracial marriages were prohibited but Supreme Court established that these laws were unconstitutional and were against the letter and spirit of the constitution and fundamental rights. So they maintain that it is also erroneous and unconstitutional to bar same-sex marriages. But this argument does not validate their yearning for legalization of same-sex marriage because being of a different race and color is a natural phenomenon whereas theirs is a behavioral predicament. It is not an innate feature. It is a habitual formation that seems to be instinctive. There are certain other segments of the society with deviant behaviors i.e. pedophiles, people with incestuous orientation, pornography addicts. It does not mean that civil rights grant them validation to exercise their will against the collective good of the society. Don Browning sums the overall opposition to the case for same-sex marriage and says that providing social recognition and legal sanction to the gay marriage will epitomize the societys stride toward dismantling the goods associated with marriage. The further says that same-sex marriage is not an extension of old institution of marriage to new segments of society but it alters the overall objective and purpose of marriage. He further extends that same-sex marriage reduces marriage primarily to committed affectionate sexual relations. It goes further. It gives this new and a more narrow view of marriage all of the cultural, legal, and public support that accrued to the institution when it functioned to hold together this complex set of good. (Browning 204) All these arguments clearly manifest that same-sex marriage will not serve like the traditional institution of marriage based on hetero-sexual relationship, so it should not be endorsed as legally and constitutionally in order to save the society from socio-cultural catastrophe. From the primitive times the institution of marriages is regarded as the major source of family life. In almost every civilization it is known to serve and has served three essential social purposes. First, it is regarded, as a hatchery where new pool of children are conceived and are brought up under the maternal and paternal supervision; the rearing of children in this way assures the provision of all their psychological, emotional, social and economic needs. So same-sex marriages should not be sanctioned and must be prohibited by law. If not an extensive power of judicial activism save the society, the proponents of same-sex marriage will exploit the situations and will put aside the majority opinion about aberrancy and deviancy of homosexuals. References Bidstrup, S. Gay Marriage: The Arguments and the Motive. Retrieved on 7 Febrauary, 2007 Browning, D. S. The Liberal Case against Same-sex Marriage. The New York Times. 09 Mar. 2004. Cantor, D. J. Same-Sex Marriage: The Legal and Psychological Evolution in America. Wesleyan University Press. 2006. Dent, G. W. "The Defense of Traditional Marriage," The Journal of Law and Politics 15 (1999) :581-644. Eskridge, W. N. A history of Same-Sex Marriage. Symposium on Sexual Orientation and The Law. Virginia Law Review 79. 7 (1993): 1419-1513. Eskridge, W. N. The Case for Same-Sex Marriage: from Sexual Liberty to Civilized Commitment. New York: Free Press, 1996. Franke, K. M. "The Politics of Same-Sex Marriage Politics". Columbia Journal of Gender & Law 15 (2006):236-248. Finnis, J. "The Good of Marriage and the Morality of Sexual Relations: Some Philosophical and Historical Observations". American Journal of Jurisprudence 42 (1997):97-134. Patterson, C. J. "Same-Sex Marriage and the Interests of Children...," Virginia Journal of Social Policy & Law 9(2001):345-351. Perkins, J. (ed.) Defense of Marriage: Does It Need Defending?. Nova Science. 2004. Reid, E. "Assessing and Responding to Same-Sex "Marriage" in Light of Natural Law". Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy 3(2005):523-539. Somerville, A.M. The Case against Same-sex Marriage. A Brief Submitted to The Standing Committee on Justice and Human. McGill Centre for Medicine, Ethics and Law. 2003. Vetri, D. Almost Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Lesbians and Gay Men, Their Families, and the Law". Southern University Law Review 26 (1998):1-91.

O Little Town of Bethlehem in Spanish

O Little Town of Bethlehem in Spanish Here is a Spanish version of the popular Christmas hymn O Little Town of Bethlehem. It was originally written in English by American clergyman Phillips Brooks. Oh pueblecito de Belà ©n Oh pueblecito de Belà ©n, cun quieto tà º ests.Los astros en silencio dan su bella luz en paz.Mas en tus calles brilla la luz de redencià ³nque da a todo hombre la eterna salvacià ³n. Nacido el Mesà ­as ha, y en Su derredor,los santos ngeles de Dios vigilan con amor.Albenlo los astros; las nuevas proclamadque a los hombres dan la paz y buena voluntad. Oh, cun inmenso el amor que nuestro Dios mostrà ³al enviar un Salvador; Su Hijo nos mandà ³.Aunque Su nacimiento pasà ³ sin atencià ³n,aà ºn lo puede recibir el manso corazà ³n. O, santo Nià ±o de Belà ©n, sà © nuestro SalvadorPerdona nuestras faltas hoy y danos tu amor.Los ngeles anuncian la prometida luz.Ven con nosotros a morar, oh Cristo, Rey Jesà ºs. English Translation of Spanish Lyrics O little town of Bethlehem, how quiet your are.The stars silently give their beautiful light peacefully.But in your streets shines the light of redemptionWhich gives everyone eternal salvation. He was born the Messiah, and in his surroundingsGods holy angels lovingly keep watch.Stars, praise him; proclaim the newsThat they bring peace and goodwill to people. Oh, how great is the love that our God demonstratesby sending a Savior; He sent His Son.Even though His birth occurred without receiving attention,the quiet heart can still receive him. O holy Child of Bethlehem, I know our SaviorForgives our faults today and gives us His love.The angels announce the promised birth.Come dwell with us, oh Christ, King Jesus. Translation Notes Pueblecito is not capitalized in the title. It is the practice in Spanish to capitalize only the first word and proper nouns in composition titles. The interjection oh is less common in Spanish than in English but usually has similar meaning. Although their sound is the same, it should not be confused with the conjunction o nor the letter O. Pueblecito is a diminutive variation of pueblo, a word meaning people or, in this context, town. A diminutive can indicate not only that something is small, but also that something is the object of affection. So pueblecito might be thought of as meaning dear little down or sweet little town. Belà ©n is the Spanish name for Bethlehem. It isnt unusual for names of cities, particularly those well-known centuries ago, to have different names in different languages. Interestingly, in Spanish the word belà ©n (not capitalized) has come to refer to a nativity scene or a crib. It also has a colloquial use referring to confusion or a confusing problem. Note how in the translation many prepositional phrases have been translated as English adverbs. For example, en silencio becomes silently and con amor becomes lovingly. Although most such phrases can be translated word for word to English, it often sounds more natural to use adverbs in English. Astros can refer to stars or other celestial bodies. Estrella is a more common word for star. Beautiful light could be rendered as either bella luz or luz bella. With the adjective (bella) before the noun (luz), the phrase is given a more emotional quality than it might have otherwise, although the difference between the two isnt readily translatable to English. Mas is a somewhat old-fashioned word meaning but. More common today is pero. It shouldnt not be confused with ms, which usually means more. Although hombre normally refers to an adult human male, it can also refer to humanity in general, especially in literary use. In this way, it is much like the English man. Use of cun instead of quà © to mean how is infrequent in everyday speech and is limited mostly to poetic use. Manso isnt a particularly common word. It is often used to refer to docility in animals. Prometida luz is translated here as promised birth. Out of context, the phrase normally would be translated as promised light. But the phrase dar a luz (literally, to give to light) means to give birth, and prometida luz here is probably poetic reference to that meaning. Parts of this song use an unusual word order to maintain the correct rhythm for the music. Most notably, Nacido el Mesà ­as ha (the equivalent of something like born the Messiah has been) would typically be written as Ha nacido el Mesà ­as. It is extremely unusual to separate ha and other forms of haber from a past participle when forming the  perfect tense.

Reflection for movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection for movie - Essay Example The Invisible War shows that such an assumption is not only false; it is horribly skewed by the media and the government itself because rape continues to be endemic to the army and unresolved enough to persist up to the present without any definite solutions for its prevention and remediation. The film demonstrates the irony between the image and the reality of female soldiers. The film starts with a patriotic song and testimonies of women, who dreamt of being soldiers, of serving their country and feeling pride in doing so. That is the ideal image. The reality is shattered when all of these women, once idealistic and patriotic, declared that they were all raped, not just once, but many times, in the army. It does not matter if they served in the Coast Guard, the Navy, the Army, or the Air Force. It does not matter where they where during their service. These women, who wanted to serve their country so sincerely and genuinely, were raped not long after starting their services. The U. S. government and the army want to send the image that they are gender-sensitive by hiring women, but they do not protect their rights and interests at all. With rape so pervasive in the army, it is a shame that they even hire women whom they cannot protect. The media and the government are in it, in hiding and undermining the invisible war, because rape continues to rise and prevention and remediation measures are barely accessible to the victims. ... Cioca’s broken jaw from the rape she experienced needs immediate surgery, but one year after her complaint, she does not get the financial support she needs. It is heartbreaking how, as a victim, the government either forgot her or consciously wants to forget about her. I do not want to think about conspiracy- that the government is purposely trying to kill these veteran soldiers who reported about rape that involved their superiors or peers. But when Cioca talked about the medicine that the government gave her, which when combined are lethal and already killed other vets, I am now doubtful of the motives of the government. If the government cared enough for these women, why not give them the therapy and resources they need to move on with their lives, aside from putting their rapists behind bars for their entire lifetime? None of these is happening. Why? The government and the army work together in perpetuating a patriarchal world, where women are still seen as sexual objects , as commodities that can be raped and thrown aside. Instead of offering laws, measures, and controls that will provide justice and support for the victims and that will prevent rape in the army, the government only offers empty promises to those who are raped. Patriarchy is not dead. It is in the government that is blind and deaf to the support and justice needed by raped veteran soldiers. It is in the army that does not provide proactive measures to stop rape and other justice and financial support services and resources for the rape victims. Patriarchy is alive. It must be killed. And we must wage an all-out war against it before another one of our valiant female soldiers get raped. Crying for Women that Others Do Not Cry for in No Woman, No Cry Christy Turlington

Stock Valuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Stock Valuation - Essay Example Common stockholders are entitled to voting where shareholders come together and are recipients of dividends while a preferred stock is a bond at the same time, that is, it is a cross between a common stock and a bond (Damodaran, 2007). Some of its characteristics include scripted return, lack of maturity in most cases, ability to recover as a mature bond and conversion to a common stock. In case of company bankruptcy, preferred stock holders are a priority in the payment of liquidated assets then the common stockholders. A direct implication of this is that the former mentioned stock preference is high regarding liquidation and some of its dividends are preferred. There are instances where dissolving a company results to no payments to the common stockholder. Therefore holding the same value for stock by investors goes against the principles of the two kinds of stocks in discussion. An imbalance of the stock market is therefore inevitable in the long

Counseling Models Essay Example for Free

Counseling Models Essay Most counseling models make use of the core conditions; empathy, unconditional positive regard and congruence. A. Psychoanalytic Model Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic system is a model of personality development and approach to psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic: The original so called talking therapy involves analyzing the root causes of behavior and feelings by exploring the unconscious mind and the conscious minds relation to it. Many theories and therapies have evolved from the original Freudian psychoanalysis which utilizes free-association, dreams, and transference, as well other strategies to help the client know the function of their own minds. Traditional analysts have their clients lie on a couch as the therapist takes notes and interprets the clients thoughts, etc. Many theories and therapies have evolved from the original psychoanalysis, including Hypnotherapy, object-relations, Progoffs Intensive Journal Therapy, Jungian, and many others. One thing they all have in common is that they deal with unconscious motivation. Usually the duration of therapy is lengthy; however, many modern therapists use psychoanalytic techniques for short term therapies. Psychoanalytic counseling or Freudian psychology prompts patients to imagine lying on a couch and divulging personal information. This type of counseling relies on patients history and an analysis of their thoughts, behavior and feelings. NYU Medical Schools Psychoanalytic Institute holds that psychoanalysis is based on observations of patient behavior and recognition of symptoms and explores how unconscious factors play a role in relationships and behavior patterns. Psychoanalysts provide help to clients through the diagnosis of disorders and the utilization of talk therapy. Clients work through issues with the assistance of a trained counselor. Psychodynamic (psychoanalytic): Sees childhood as cause of present problems and focuses on exploring past in some depth. Explores transference – displaced feelings from early childhood experienced in adult situations. Uses ‘free association’. Long term. Psychoanalytic therapy is the model where clients lay down with no eye contact or relationship with the therapist. (Less common these days) Counseling Implications Some counselors find combined psychosexual and psychosocial perspective a helpful conceptual framework for understanding developmental issues as they appear in therapy. The key needs and developmental tasks, along with the challenges inherent at each stage of life, provide a model for understanding some of the core conflicts clients explore in their therapy sessions. The Therapeutic Process Therapeutic Goals Ultimate Goal: To increase adaptive functioning which involves the reduction of symptoms and the resolution of conflicts. The two goals of Freudian Psychoanalytic Therapy are as follows, (1) to make the unconscious conscious and (2) to strengthen the ego so that behavior is based more on reality and less on instinctual cravings or irrational guilt. Successful analysis is believed to result in significant modification of the individual’s personality and character structure. Therapeutic methods are used to bring out the unconscious material. Then childhood experiences are reconstructed, discussed, interpreted and analyzed. It is clear that the process is not limited to solving problems and learning new behaviors. There is also deeper probing into the past to develop the level of self understanding that is assumed to be necessary for a change in character. Therapist’s Function and Role In classical psychoanalysis, analysts typically assume an anonymous stance, which is sometimes called the â€Å"blank screen approach†. They engage in very little self disclosure and maintain a sense of neutrality to foster a transference relationship in which their clients will make projections onto them. Central functions of analysis is to help clients acquire the freedom to love, work and play. Other functions include assisting clients in achieving self awareness, honesty and more effective personal relationships; in dealing with anxiety in a realistic way; and in gaining control over impulsive and irrational behavior. Roles Establish a working relationship with the client and then do a great deal of listening and interpreting. Empathic attunement to the client facilitates the analysts apprehension and appreciation of the of the client’s intra psychic world. Particular attention is given to the client’s resistances. The analyst listens, learns and decides when to make appropriate interpretations. A major function of interpretation is to accelerate the process of uncovering unconscious material. The analyst listens for gaps and inconsistencies in the client’s story, infers the meaning of reported dreams and free associations, and remains sensitive to clues concerning the client’s feelings towards the analyst. Client’s Experience in the Therapy Clients interested in traditional (or classical) psychoanalysis must be willing to commit themselves to an intensive and long term therapy process. After some face-to-face sessions with the analyst, clients lie on a couch and engage in free association. *Free association allows the client to say whatever comes to mind without self-censorship. This is known as the ‘fundamental rule’. Clients report their feelings, experiences, associations, memories and fantasies. Lying on the couch encourages deep, uncensored reflections and reduces the stimuli that might interfere with getting in touch with internal conflicts and productions. It reduces clients’ ability to read their analyst’s face for reactions and hence, fosters the projections characteristics of transference. At the same time, the analyst is freed from having to carefully monitor facial cues. Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures The therapy is geared more to limited objectives than to restructuring one’s personality The therapist is less likely to use the couch There are fewer sessions each week There is more frequent use of supportive interventions such as reassurance, expressions of empathy and support and suggestions There is more emphasis on the here-and-how relationship between therapist and client There is more latitude for therapist self-disclosure without ‘polluting the transference’ Less emphasis is give n to the therapist’s neutrality There is focus on mutual transference and counter transference enactments The focus is more on pressing practical concerns than on working with fantasy material Six (6) Basic Techniques of Psychoanalytic Therapy (1) Maintaining of the Analytic Framework This refers to a whole range of procedural and stylistic factors such as the analyst’s relative anonymity, maintaining neutrality and objectivity, the regularity and consistency of meeting starting and ending the sessions on time, clarity on fees, and basic boundary issues such as the avoidance of advice giving or imposition of the therapist’s values. (2) Free Association It is the central technique in psychoanalytic therapy. In free association, clients are encouraged to say whatever comes to mind, regardless of how painful, silly, trivial, illogical, irrelevant it may seem. (3) Interpretation The analyst points out, explains and teaches the client the meanings of behaviors that are manifested in dreams, free association, resistances and the therapeutic relationship itself. (4) Dream Analysis This is an important procedure for uncovering unconscious material and giving the client insight into some areas of unresolved problems. During sleep, defenses are lowered and repressed feelings surface. Freud sees dreams as the â€Å"royal road to the unconscious†. 2 Levels of Dream Content Latent Content Manifest Content (5) Analysis and Interpretation of Resistance This is anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the  client from producing previously unconscious material. Resistance helps the client to see that cancelling appointments, fleeing from therapy prematurely are ways of defending against anxiety. (6) Analysis and Interpretation of Transference The client reacts to the therapist as he did to an earlier significant other. This allows the client to experience feelings that would otherwise be inaccessible. Its analysis allows the client to achieve insight into the influence of the past. *Counter transference – is the reaction of the therapist toward the client that may interfere with objectivity. Limitations of Classical Analysis This approach may not be appropriate for all cultures or socioeconomic groups Deterministic focus does not emphasize current maladaptive behaviors Minimizes role of the environment Requires subjective interpretation Relies heavily on client fantasy Lengthy treatment may not be practical or affordable for many clients B. Client-centered Model Person-centered therapy (PCT) is also known as person-centered psychotherapy, person-centered counseling, client-centered therapy and Rogerian psychotherapy. PCT is a form of talk-psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s. The ultimate goal of PCT is to provide clients with an opportunity to develop a sense of self wherein they can realize how their attitudes, feelings and behavior are being negatively affected and make an effort to find their true positive potential. The aim is directed towards achieving a greater degree of independence and integration. Two primary goals of person-centered therapy are increased self-esteem and greater openness to experience. Some of the related changes that this form of therapy seeks to foster in clients include closer agreement between the clients idealized and actual selves; better self-understanding; lower levels of defensiveness, guilt, and  insecurity; more positive and comfortable relationships with others; and an increased capacity to experience and express feelings at the moment they occur. Rogers wanted to assist the clients in their growth process so clients can better cope with problems as they identify them. In this technique, therapists create a comfortable, non-judgmental environment by demonstrating congruence (genuineness), empathy, and unconditional positive regard toward their clients while using a non-directive approach. This aids clients in finding their own solutions to their problems. It places much of the responsibility for the treatment process on the client, with the therapist taking a nondirective role. Basic Characteristics In the Person Centered approach the focus is on helping the client discover more appropriate behavior by developing self-awareness ways to fully encounter reality. Through this encounter the client gains insight of themselves the world. Core Conditions Rogers (1957; 1959) stated that there are six necessary and sufficient conditions required for therapeutic change: 1. Therapist-Client Psychological Contact: a relationship between client and therapist must exist, and it must be a relationship in which each persons perception of the other is important. 2. Client in-congruence: that in-congruence exists between the clients experience and awareness. 3. Therapist Congruence or Genuineness: the therapist is congruent within the therapeutic relationship. The therapist is deeply involved him or herself they are not acting and they can draw on their own experiences (self-disclosure) to facilitate the relationship. 4. Therapist Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR): the therapist accepts the client unconditionally, without judgment, disapproval or approval. This facilitates increased self-regard in the client, as they can begin to become aware of experiences in which their view of self-worth was distorted by others. 5. Therapist Empathic understanding: the therapist experiences an empathic understanding of the clients internal frame of reference. Accurate empathy on the part of the therapist helps the client believe the therapists unconditional love for them. 6. Client Perception: that the client perceives, to at least a minimal degree, the therapists UPR and empathic understanding. Processes Rogers asserted that the most important factor in successful therapy is the relational climate created by the therapist’s attitude to their client. He specified three interrelated core conditions: 1. Congruence The willingness to transparently relate to clients without hiding behind a professional or personal facade. genuineness or realness  The helper does not deny his or her own feelings: the opposite of hiding behind a professional mask. â€Å"I find that I am closest to my inner, intuitive self,when I am somehow in touch with the unknown in me, when perhaps I am in a slightly altered state of consciousness†¦Then simply my presence is releasing and helpful.† (Rogers) 2. Unconditional Positive Regard The therapist offers an acceptance and prizing for their client for who he or she is without conveying disapproving feelings, actions or characteristics and demonstrating a willingness to attentively listen without interruption, judgment or giving advice. Unconditional positive regard acceptance and caring, but not Approval of all behavior Related Terms: Acceptance of the other’s reality with kindness Non-possessive caring Prizing Non-judgmental attitude 3. Empathy The therapist communicates their desire to understand and appreciate their client’s perspective. Accurate empathic understanding – an ability to deeply grasp the client’s subjective world Helper attitudes are more important than knowledge Empathy is a consistent, unflagging appreciation of the experience of the other. It is active attention to the feelings of the client It involves warmth and genuineness The Therapist Rogers believed that a therapist who embodies these three critical attitudes will help liberate their client to more confidently express their true feelings without fear of judgment. To achieve this, the client-centered therapist carefully avoids directly challenging their clients way of communicating themselves in the session in order to enable a deeper exploration of the issues most intimate to them and free from external referencing. Rogers was not prescriptive in telling his clients what to do, but believed that the answers to the patients questions were within the patient and not the therapist. Accordingly the therapists role was to create a facilitative, empathic environment wherein the patient could discover for him or herself the answers. Therapists are used as instruments of change but are not to direct the change in client Therapist helps develop an environment in which the client can grow Through attitudes of genuine caring, respect, and understanding the client is able to let their defenses down become more self aware Therapist reflects client’s view of the world (Phenomenological approach) The Therapist must be: Congruent  able to approach client with unconditional positive regard  demonstrate accurate understanding and empathy Focuses on the quality of the therapeutic relationship Serves as a model of a human being struggling toward greater realness is genuine integrated, and authentic, without a false front Can openly express feelings attitudes that are present in the relationship with the client Therapeutic Process Main focus is on the person not on the persons problems This allows the client to reconnect with him/her.  Client is assisted in therapy so that they can deal with current problems as well as problems that develop in the future Focuses on helping a person  become aware of their true self develop congruency Client’s Experience Through therapy client is able to let down his/her defenses become more true to him/her selves They gain perception into themselves, which allows them to better understand accept others Application: Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures One of the major contributions of Rogers in the counseling field is the notion that the quality of the therapeutic relationship, as opposed administering techniques, is the primary agent of growth in the client. The therapist’s ability to establish a strong connection with the clients is the critical factor determining successful counseling outcomes. The person-centered philosophy is based on the assumption that clients have the resourcefulness for positive movement without the counselor assuming an active, directive or problem-solving role. What is essential for clients’ progress is the therapist’s presence, being completely attentive to, and immersed in the client as well as in the client’s expressed concerns. In a study conducted in the 1990s, it was revealed that the effectiveness of person-centered therapy with a wide range of client problems including anxiety disorders, alcoholism, psychosomatic problems, agoraphobia, interpersonal difficulties, depr ession, cancer and personality disorders. Moreover, an effective therapy is based on the client-therapist relationship in combination with the inner and external resources of the client. Learning to listen with acceptance to oneself is a valuable life skill that enables individuals to be their own therapists. The basic concepts are straight forward and easy to comprehend, and they encourage locating power in the person rather than fostering an authoritarian structure in which control and power are denied to the person. The person-centered approach is especially applicable in crisis intervention such as an unwanted pregnancy, an illness, a disastrous event, or the loss of a loved one. When people are in crisis, one of the first steps is to give them an opportunity to fully express themselves. Communicating a deep sense of understanding should always precede other more problem-solving interventions. C. Rational Emotive Model Albert Ellis founded rational therapy in the mid-1950s and was one of the first therapists to emphasize the influential role of cognition in behavior. In 1960s, he changed the name to Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), because of his contention that the model had always stressed the reciprocal interactions among cognition, emotion and behavior. Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), previously called rational therapy and rational emotive therapy, is a comprehensive, active-directive, philosophically and empirically based psychotherapy which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems and disturbances and enabling people to lead happier and more fulfilling lives. REBT is based on the assumption that we are not disturbed solely by out early or later environments but we have strong inclinations to disturb ourselves consciously and unconsciously. We do this largely by taking our goals and values, which we mainly learn from our families and culture, and changing them into absolute â€Å"shoulds†, â€Å"oughts† and â€Å"musts†. REBT therapists employ active/directive techniques such as teaching, suggestion, persuasion, and homework assignments and they challenge clients to substitute a rational belief system for an irrational one. It emphasizes the therapist’s ability and willingness to challenge, confront, and convince the members to practice activities that will lead to constructive changes in thinking and behaving. The approach stresses action – doing something about the insights one gains in the therapy. ORIGINS OF EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE A central concept of REBT is the role that absolutist â€Å"shoulds,† â€Å"oughts,† and â€Å"musts† play when people become and remain emotionally disturbed. We forcefully, rigidly, and emotionally subscribe to many grandiose â€Å"musts† that result in our needlessly disturbing ourselves. According to Ellis (2001a, 2001b), feelings of anxiety, depression, hurt, shame, rage, and guilt are largely initiated and perpetuated by a belief system based on irrational ideas that were uncritically embraced, often during early childhood. In addition to taking on dysfunctional beliefs from others, Ellis stresses that we also invent â€Å"musts† on our own. Ellis (1994, 1997; Ellis Dryden, 2007; Ellis Harper, 1997) contends that most of our dysfunctional beliefs can be reduced to three main forms of â€Å"musturbation†: 1. â€Å"I absolutely must do well and be approved of by signiï ¬ cant others. I must win  their approval or else I am an inadequate, worthless person.† 2. â€Å"You must under all conditions and at all times treat me considerately, kindly, lovingly, and fairly. If you don’t, you are no damned good and are a rotten person.† 3. â€Å"Conditions under which I live absolutely must be comfortable so that I can get what I want without too much effort. If not, it is awful; I can’t stand it and life is no good.† Rational emotive behavior therapy is grounded on existential principles in many respects. Although parents and society play a signiï ¬ cant role in contributing to our emotional disturbance, we do not need to be victims of this indoctrination that takes place in our early years. We may not have had the resources during childhood to challenge parental and societal messages. As psychological adults now, however, we can become aware of how adhering to negative and destructive beliefs actually hampers our efforts to live fully , and we are also in a position to modify these beliefs. THE A-B-C THEORY The A-B-C theory of personality and emotional disturbance is central to REBT theory and practice. The A-B-C theory maintains that when we have an emotional reaction at point C (the emotional Consequence), after some Activating event that occurred at point A, it is not the event itself (A) that causes the emotional state (C), although it may contribute to it. It is the Belief system (B), or the beliefs that we have about the event, that mainly creates C. For example, if you feel depressed (C) over not getting a promotion at work (A), it is not the fact that you weren’t promoted that causes your depression; it is your belief (B) about the event. By believing that you absolutely should have been promoted and that not receiving it means that you are a failure, you â€Å"construct† the emotional consequence of feeling depressed. Thus, we are largely responsible for creating our own emotional disturbances through the beliefs we associate with the events of our lives Ellis (2011) maintains that we have the capacity to signiï ¬ cantly change our cognitions, emotions, and behaviors. We can best accomplish this goal by avoiding preoccupying ourselves with the activating events at A and by acknowledging the futility of dwelling endlessly on the emotional consequences at C. We can choose to examine, challenge, modify, and uproot B—the irrational beliefs we hold about the activating events at A. GOALS OF A REBT GROUP The basic goal of REBT is to help clients replace rigid demands with ï ¬â€šexible preferences. According to Ellis (2001b; 2011), two of the main goals of REBT are to assist clients in the process of achieving unconditional self-acceptance (USA) and unconditional other acceptance (UOA), and to see how these are interrelated. To the degree that group members are able to accept themselves, they are able to accept others. The process of REBT involves a collaborative effort on the part of both the group leader and the members in choosing realistic and self enhancing outcome goals. The therapist’s task is to help group participants to differentiate between realistic and unrealistic goals and self-defeating and self-enhancing goals (Dryden, 2007). Further goals are to teach members how to change their dysfunctional emotions and behaviors into healthy ones and to cope with almost any unfortunate event that may arise in their lives (Ellis, 2001b). REBT aims at providing group members with tools for experiencing healthy emotions (such as sadness and concern) about negative activating events rather than unhealthy emotions (such as depression and anxiety) about these events so that they can live richer and more satisfying lives. To accomplish this basic objective, group members learn practical ways to identify their underlying irrational beliefs, to critically evaluate such beliefs, and to replace them with rational beliefs. Basically, group members are taught that they are largely responsible for their own emotional reactions; that they can minimize their emotional disturbances by paying attention to their self-verbalizations and by changing their irrational beliefs; and that if they acquire a new and more realistic philosophy, they can cope effectively with most of the unfortunate events in their lives. Although the therapeutic goals of REBT are essentially the same for both individual and group therapy, the two differ in some of the speciï ¬ c methods and techniques employed, as you will see in the discussion that follows. CONFRONTING IRRATIONAL BELIEFS REBT group leaders begin by teaching group members the A-B-C theory. When they have come to see how their irrational beliefs are contributing to their emotional and behavioral disturbances, they are ready to Dispute (D) these beliefs. D represents the application of scientiï ¬ c principles to challenge  self-defeating philosophies and to dispose of unrealistic and unveriï ¬ able hypotheses. Cognitive restructuring, a central technique of cognitive therapy, teaches people how to make themselves less disturbed (Ellis, 2003). One of the most effective methods of helping people reduce their emotional disturbances is to show them how to actively and forcefully dispute these irrational beliefs until they surrender them. This process of disputation involves three other Ds: (1) Detecting irrational beliefs and seeing that they are illogical and unrealistic, (2) Debating these irrational beliefs and showing oneself how they are unsupported by evidence, and (3) discriminating between irrational thinking and rational thinking (Ellis, 1994, 1996). After D comes E, or the Effect of disputing—the relinquishing of self destructive ideologies, the acquisition of effective new beliefs, and a greater acceptance of oneself, of others, and of the inevitable frustrations of everyday life. This new philosophy of life has, of course, a practical side—a concrete E, if you wish. In the previous example, E would translate into a rational statement such as this: â€Å"I’d like to have gotten the job, but there is no reason I have to get what I want. It is unfortunate that I did not get the job, but it is not terrible.† According to REBT theory, the ultimate desired result is that the person experiences a healthy negative emotion, in this case, disappointment and sadness, rather than depression.Group members learn to separate their rational (or functional) beliefs from their irrational (or dysfunctional) beliefs and to understand the origins of their emotional disturbances as well as those of other members. Participants are taught the many ways in which they can (1) free themselves of their irrational life philosophy so that they can function more effectively as an individual and as a relational being and (2) learn more appropriate ways of responding so that they won’t needlessly feel disturbed about the realities of living. The group members help and support one another in these learning endeavors. The Therapeutic Process GOALS OF A REBT GROUP The basic goal of REBT is to help clients replace rigid demands with ï ¬â€šexible preferences. According to Ellis (2001b; 2011), two of the main goals of REBT are to assist clients in the process of achieving unconditional self-acceptance (USA) and unconditional other acceptance (UOA), and to see  how these are interrelated. To the degree that group members are able to accept themselves, they are able to accept others. The process of REBT involves a collaborative effort on the part of both the group leader and the members in choosing realistic and self enhancing outcome goals. The therapist’s task is to help group participants to differentiate between realistic and unrealistic goals and self-defeating and self-enhancing goals (Dryden, 2007). Further goals are to teach members how to change their dysfunctional emotions and behaviors into healthy ones and to cope with almost any unfortunate event that may arise in their lives (Ellis, 2001b). REBT aims at providing group membe rs with tools for experiencing healthy emotions (such as sadness and concern) about negative activating events rather than unhealthy emotions (such as depression and anxiety) about these events so that they can live richer and more satisfying lives. To accomplish this basic objective, group members learn practical ways to identify their underlying irrational beliefs, to critically evaluate such beliefs, and to replace them with rational beliefs. Basically, group members are taught that they are largely responsible for their own emotional reactions; that they can minimize their emotional disturbances by paying attention to their self-verbalizations and by changing their irrational beliefs; and that if they acquire a new and more realistic philosophy, they can cope effectively with most of the unfortunate events in their lives. Although the therapeutic goals of REBT are essentially the same for both individual and group therapy, the two differ in some of the speciï ¬ c methods and techniques employed, as you will see in the discussion that follows. Role and Functions of the Counselor The therapeutic activities of an REBT group are carried out with a central purpose: to help participants internalize a rational philosophy of life, just as they internalized a set of dogmatic and extreme beliefs derived from their sociocultural environment and from their own invention. In working toward this ultimate aim, the group leader has several speciï ¬ c functions and tasks. The ï ¬ rst task is to show group members how they have largely created their own emotional and behavioral disturbances. The leader helps group members to identify and challenge the irrational beliefs they originally unquestioningly accepted, demonstrates how they are continuing to  indoctrinate themselves with these beliefs, and teaches them how to modify their thinking by developing rational alternative beliefs. It is the group leader’s task to teach members how to stop the vicious circle of the self-blaming and other-blaming process. REBT assumes that people’s irrational beliefs are so deeply ingrained that they will not change easily. Thus, to bring about a signiï ¬ cant cognitive change, leaders employ a variety of active cognitive and emotive techniques (Ellis, 1996, 2001b; Ellis Dryden, 2007). REBT group practitioners favor interventions such as questioning, confronting, negotiating homework assignments, and helping members experiment with new ways of thinking, feeling, and doing. REBT group leaders are active in teaching the theoretical model, proposing methods of coping, and teaching members strategies for testing hypotheses and solutions. REBT group leaders assume the role of a psychological educator, and they tend to avoid relating too closely to their members and thus avoid having them increase their dependency tendencies. They provide unconditional acceptance rather than warmth and approval (Dryden, 2009b). However, REBT group practitioners demonstrate respect for the members of their groups and also tend to be collaborative, encouraging, supportive, and mentoring. REBT practitioners employ a directive role in encouraging members to commit themselves to practicing in everyday situations what they are learning in the group sessions. They view what goes on during the group as important, but they realize that the hard work between sessions and after therapy is terminated is even more crucial. The group context provides members with tools they can use to become self-reliant and to accept themselves unconditionally as they encounter new problems in daily living. Application: Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures Ellis originally developed REBT to try to make psychotherapy shorter and more efï ¬ cient than most other systems of therapy; hence, it is intrinsically a brief therapy. As applied to groups, REBT mainly employs interventions that teach group members how to tackle practical problems of living in a brief and efï ¬ cient way (Ellis, 2001b). From the origin of the approach, REBT has utilized a wide range of cognitive, emotive, and behavioral methods with most clients. Like other cognitive behavioral therapies, REBT blends techniques to change clients’ patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. It  is an integrative therapy, selectively adapting various methods that are also used in existential, humanistic, phenomenologically oriented therapeutic approaches, but the emphasis is on the cognitive and behavioral dimensions (Ellis, 2001b). REBT focuses on speciï ¬  c techniques for changing a client’s self-defeating thoughts in concrete situations. In addition to modifying beliefs, this approach helps group members see how their beliefs inï ¬â€šuence what they feel and what they do; thus, there is also a concern for changing feelings and behaviors that ï ¬â€šow from rigid and extreme beliefs. This model aims to minimize symptoms by bringing about a profound change in philosophy. REBT practitioners are ï ¬â€šexible and creative in their use of methods and tailor their techniques to the unique needs of group members (Dryden, 2007) References A. Internet-Based http://www.allaboutcounseling.com/counseling_approaches.htm http://www.ehow.com/list_7162754_psychological-counseling-techniques.html#ixzz2cmnFA0bd http://www.ukessays.com/essays/psychology/psychoanalytic-theory-theories-of-counseling-and psychotherapy-psychology-essay.php#ixzz2cmqlANAb http://www.minddisorders.com/Ob-Ps/Person-centered-therapy.html#b#ixzz2dzABrENS B. Books Corey, G. (2012). Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theory and Practice Second Edition. Cengage Learning, Philippines.

Comparison & Contrast of Windows & Windows ME Essay -- essays research

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comparison and Contrast Windows & Windows Me Pamela R Kerr NTC / 410 Richard Bohn June 22, 2005 Comparison and Contrast Windows & Windows Me   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper will identify comparison and contrast of Windows and Windows Me, which will include the program description, planning the scope and plan objectives, vocabulary definitions, project control, schedule of deliverables and resource requirements. When Windows first hit the market in 1985, it failed miserably. The over-priced, under-powered computers of the day busted a bearing over Windows ¡Ã‚ ¦ attempts at fancy graphics. Back then, Windows was not only slow. But, it also looked dorky and awkward with ugly colors. Windows has turned into a trendy best-seller installed on nearly every new computer. What are Windows and Windows Me? Windows is just another piece of software, like the zillions of others lining the store shelves. I feel Windows is not a program in the normal sense, but it is something that lets you write letters or lets your coworkers play Bozark the Destroyer over the office network after everybody else goes home. Rather, Windows controls the way you work with your computer. For years, computers have clung to a typewriter-style of work. Just as on a typewriter, people type letters and numbers into the computer. I have learned over the years that the computer listens and then places letters and numbers onto the screen and this time tested system works well. But, I also feel it takes a long time to learn and it is as boring as reading the ingredients on a jar of reduced fat peanut butter. The method is boring because computer engineers designed computers for other engineers many moons ago. They thought that computers would be forever isolated in narrow hallways where somber youngsters with crew-cuts, clipboards and white lab coats jotted down notes while the big reels whirled. Nobody expected normal people to use computers especially not in their offices, their dens, or even in their kitchens. „h Windows software dumps the typewriter analogy and updates the look of comput... ...rds, and game controllers, Microsoft now offers a small but, very focused line of routers and network adapters designed specifically for home networks. What ¡Ã‚ ¦s on the Web Site: Microsoft ¡Ã‚ ¦s massive online knowledge base contains answers to nearly every PC technical problem ever recorded. You ¡Ã‚ ¦ll also find a wealth of product information, software updates, downloadable manuals, and a few nice tutorials on Windows networking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  References Class notes and memorization from Database Management, NTC/360, NTC/410 & POS/420 (2004 & 2005). Rathbone, A. (2000). Microsoft Windows Me, Millennium Edition www.dummies.com. Safari Tech Books Online, (2005), search.safaribooksonline.com. Windows & .NET Magazine (March, 1999). On-line Sites: www.microsoft.com